International Affairs: Global Governance - Week 2

I am doing a MOOC on global governance from The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. 

Here are my thoughts on the week 2:

What's the biggest challenge facing the world today?
War, Poverty, Climate Change, Inequality, Terrorism, or Other?
I chose inequality but they are all interrelated and can't be resolved individually.

How to address global problems?
Some problems (e.g. trade and environmental problems, or terrorism) need a multinational response
Does an emphasis on nation-state activities hinder action at a lower level (e.g. US states vs the US on climate change)? Probably, and only going to get worse

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Sustainable Development Goal 17 calls for partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil society
https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/fact-sheets/lgbt-global-development-partnership
The LGBTI Global Development Partnership is a partnership between the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Swedish International Development
Cooperation Agency (Sida) and a range of other partners to support LGBTI human rights and development in 14 countries around the world.

Global governance and the role of nation-states
Should they give up power to larger entities? Citizens feel disconnected from nation-states already, let alone larger entities
Could they devolve powers to cities and regions? Unlikely to give up power!

What are your views on the future of the nation state?
There is pressure to integrate states to include multiple nations (e.g. the EU) but also pressure to split states into single nations (e.g. Scottish independence from the UK).
I would love to see more of the former, to create larger democracies able to stand up to global corporations and resolve global problems but i fear that populist nationalism will lead to more fragmentation and lower the effectiveness of global solutions (by many states opting out of solutions)